Editor(s)

Dr. Veena Sharma

Editor-In-Chief

Prof. Rajen Harshe

International Advisory Board

Dr. Alex Vines
Prof. Gwyn Prins
Prof. Stephen Ellis
Prof. Yash Tandon
Prof. Ali Mazuri
Prof. Mahamood Mamdani
Prof. Timothy Shaw

Managing Editor

Prof. Ajay Dubey

Volume 3 Issue 2 2011

Barriers to Party Systems in Africa:The Movement Legacy by Goran Hyden

 Manuscripts and all editorial correspondence should be addressed to the Editor, Africa Review, 351-Centre for African Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067; E-mail Addresses: editor.ar@africanstudies.in  or  africareview@gmail.com

• Manuscripts must be submitted in an electronic format, preferably in MSWord. The main text should be in Times New Roman, font 12, 1.5 spacing. Along with the article, the contributor should provide his/her affiliation, and complete postal and e-mail addresses. The total length of the manuscript should be between 6 000 and 7 000 words.

• All articles must be accompanied by an abstract of 150 to 200 words.

• Africa Review  follows the in-text citation format only:

o   In-text citation should include the author’s last name(s), followed by a comma, and the year of publication, all of whichshould be enclosed in parentheses (Jain, 1983). When a direct quote is made, include specific page reference(s), preceded by a comma (Tinker, 1977, 1) or (Tinker, 1977, 1 & 2, 8-9).

o   If the author’s name is mentioned in the text, include only the year of publication in the citation (1977). If the year of publication is mentioned in the text, include only the author’s name in the citation (Jain).

o   For works by two authors, always include the names of both authors: (Anderson & Bjorn, 2003).

o   For more than one work by a single author in the same year, suffix the author’s name with a hyphen ‘-’ and provide sequencing by consecutive numbering for these works; for example (Dubey-1, 2008) and (Dubey-2, 2008).

o   For unsigned works (in newspapers, websites, and reports) give the title (italicised) within parentheses (Recent Developments, 2004).

• British spellings throughout. Although variable usage is acceptable in English, for reasons of consistency the use of a universal ‘s’ is preferred in ‘-ise’ and ‘-isation’ words – ‘emphasise’ and ‘democratisation’; also use a hyphen in words like ‘co-ordination’, ‘co-operation’, ‘neo-colonialism’. Use only British spellings in words like ‘behaviour’ and ‘labour’   not behavior and labor.

• Single quotes throughout. Double quotes within single quotes. Spelling of words in quotations should not be changed. Quotations of 45 words or more should be separated from the text with a line space above and below, blocked against the left-hand margin, and should be rendered in font 11, single spacing.

• For deletion of word(s) and phrase(s) in a quotation, insert three dots (…), an ellipsis, in the text; for deletion of passages, including sentence(s), insert four dots (….) in the text, the last dot being the full stop at the end of a sentence. The inverted comma at the end of an in-text quotation follows the full stop, if the last part of the quotation contains a full sentence (.’). However, if the quotation ends in a phrase (only part of a sentence), the inverted comma precedes the full stop (…’.), which is, in turn, preceded by an ellipsis. When inserting word(s) or phrase(s) within a quotation (for explanatory purposes, or for facilitating the flow of the narrative), insert these within square brackets: for example, [and] or [being the rationale behind].

• Use ‘nineteenth century’, ‘1980s’. Spell out numbers from one to nine, 10 and above to remain in figures; however, for exact measurements use only figures (3km, 50mn, 9 percent   not %, and to be consistent with percentage). Use thousands and millions, not lakhs and crores.

• When using an abbreviation in the text, provide the full name in brackets or vice versa – ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) or Southern African Development Community (SADC).

• Use of italics and diacriticals should be minimised, but if used it should be consistent. Italics should be used for titles of books, newspapers, journals, magazines, foreign words not in common usage, as well as for words within quotes that are already italicised.

• Tables and figures should be indicated separately (see Table 1), not by placement (see Table below). Present each table and figure on a separate sheet of paper, gathering them together at the end of the article.

• A consolidated list of all books, articles, essays, theses and documents referred to in the text should be provided at the end of the article. All books, contributions in books, journal articles, theses and documents should be listed in alphabetical order, giving the author’s surname first, followed by the first name or initial(s). If more than one publication by the same author is listed, the items should be given in chronological/sequencing order. In the case of co-authored and co-edited works, the first name or initial(s) of the second author/editor should precede the surname. In the case of three and more authors/editors, use et al (italicised). In the case of contributions in books and articles in journals, provide the full page range of the contribution or article.

The detailed referencing style is as follows:

• Books (single author)

o Dubey, Ajay.  1990  Indo-African Relations, New Delhi: Kalinga Publications.

• Books by the same author published in the same year should be referenced as:

o Ake-1, Claude. 2000 Democracy and Development in Africa, Dakar: Codesria.

o Ake-2, Claude. 2000 The Feasibility of Democracy in Africa, Dakar: Codesria.

• Books (two authors/editors)

o Vohra, N N and K Mathews (eds). 1997 Africa, India and South-South Co-operation, New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.

• Books (multiple authors/editors)

o Alden, Chris et al. 2008 China Return to Africa: A Rising Power and a Continent Embrace, London: Hurst Publishers.

• Contributions in Books

o Rasheed, Sadig. 1993  ‘Africa at the Doorstep of the Twenty-First Century: Can Crisis Turn to Opportunity?’, in Adebajo Adedeji (ed). Africa within the World: Beyond Dispossession and Dependence, London: Zed Books, pp 41-58.

• Articles in Journals

o Makinda, Samuel M. 1996 ‘Democracy and Multi-Party Politics in Africa’, Journal of Modern African Studies, vol 34, no 4: 555-573.

• Reports

o Government of India. 2008 Delhi Declaration, Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi.

• Newspaper Reports and Articles

o The Times of India. 2008 ‘India-Africa Summit’, 8 April (for unsigned news items).

o Pathak, Vidhan. 2007 ‘India’s Diaspora Policy’, Nairobi Times, 26 June.

• Internet Sources

o Ray, Nivedita. 2006 Instability in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region (http://www.idsa.in/publications/stratcomments/niveditaray_13206.htm accessed on 10 December).

• Book Reviews must contain the name of the author, title of the book reviewed, place of publication, name of publisher, year of publication, and the number of pages. The name of the reviewer and full particulars of his/her affiliation should appear at the end of the text and the review should be between 1 000 and 1 200 words.